Deformation analysis of timber-framed panel dome structure I: simulation of a dome model connected by elastic springs     

Ying Gao  Masamitsu Ohta 《Journal of Wood Science》2007,53(2):100-107

This study develops an analytical method that enables the simulation of the deformation of timber-framed plywood panel dome structures, of which strength is largely governed by the rigidity of joints. A hybrid truss structure model was employed to analyze this structure. In this model, we aimed to incorporate the mechanical properties of bolted and nailed joints, which were employed to build the structures, although the present investigation focused on the deformation characteristics of a dome in which the panel elements were connected mutually by elastic springs. The results of the theoretical analysis are compared with those obtained by experiments. The simulated results were found to be in good agreement with the results of the experiments under similar loading conditions.  相似文献   

Age trends in the genetic parameters of wood density and the relationship with growth rates in hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × L. kaempferi) F1     

Takaaki Fujimoto  Kazuhito Kita  Kazuko Uchiyama  Makoto Kuromaru  Hisashi Akutsu  Kazuyuki Oda 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(3):157-163

Age trends in variance components and heritability of overall wood density, earlywood and latewood density, and latewood proportion were investigated in 29-year-old trees of 19 full-sib families of hybrid larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica × Larix kaempferi) F₁. The age–age correlation and optimum selection age for these traits were also estimated and genetic and phenotypic correlations between wood density and radial growth rate were calculated for each growth ring. Intraring wood density data were obtained using X-ray densitometry. The coefficient of additive genetic variance was stable over all ages, whereas the coefficient of environmental variances gradually decreased with increasing age, resulting in increases in heritability estimates with age for overall density. The latewood proportion had the highest heritability estimates at all ages, ranging from 0.44 to 0.66. Overall density and its various components at 28 years of age showed strong genetic correlations with their respective traits at all younger ages. Optimum selection ages for the wood density traits ranged from 8 to 14 years, at which point maximum gain efficiencies per year were obtained. There were negative correlations between wood density and radial growth rate at early ages, although these relationships tended to be weaker with increasing age. These results suggest that selection at a young age is effective for wood density, but particular care must be taken in selecting trees with an improved radial growth rate because rapid growth will result in a low-density wood product, especially in the early growth period.  相似文献   

A Review of Fine Root Dynamics in Populus Plantations   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R. M. A. Block  K. C. J. Van Rees  J. D. Knight 《Agroforestry Systems》2006,67(1):73-84

Production of native and hybridized varieties of Populus has received considerable interest in temperate regions as an alternative to agricultural crops and an additional wood source, while acting as a potential carbon (C) sink to offset emissions of fossil fuel-based greenhouse gases. Research of root system dynamics in Populus species is expanding, however, our understanding of the nature and role of fine roots (FR) is incomplete. The study objective, therefore, was to review the literature regarding FR production, mortality and longevity in Populus, and evaluate the magnitude and significance of the FR fraction to C sequestration. FRs, conventionally defined as less than 2 mm in diameter and responsible for water and nutrient uptake, are an essential component of the tree. Populus FRs are relatively short-lived, with reported lifespans ranging from 30 to 300 days, depending on root diameter, tree species and age, and soil environmental factors. Standing FR biomass fluctuates throughout the growing season. Fine root production generally peaks in mid-summer, and ranges between 1.0 and 5.0 mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while FR mortality has less seasonal amplitude. Production and mortality dynamics in Populus are highly plastic in response to soil environmental conditions, and although opposing conclusions have been proposed, research suggests soil moisture and nitrogen to be most important. Results from the literature indicate annual FR turnover to the soil C pool may be small (0.2–1.6 mg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), but substantial in maintaining or enhancing C levels in natural and managed stands of Populus.  相似文献   

双充种型孔滚筒式杂交稻育秧精密播种器设计与试验     

陈林涛  马旭  李泽华  曹秀龙  齐龙 《华南农业大学学报》2022,43(5):70-82

目的 为满足杂交稻钵苗育秧低播量精密播种的农艺要求,解决型孔滚筒式育秧播种器作业过程中稻种在充种室流动性差、充种可靠性低、漏播指数高以及型孔易堵塞等问题,设计一种双充种型孔滚筒式杂交稻育秧精密播种器。方法 基于PLC控制技术,搭建型孔充种性能检测与控制系统,对播种器的关键部件进行设计,并通过EDEM离散元软件开展不同型孔形状、第一充种室充种位置角及生产率对充种性能影响的仿真试验,对第一充种区的型孔滚筒工作参数进行优化。研制试验样机并进行性能试验,试验材料为‘培杂泰丰’杂交稻。试验分2步：第1步,第二充种机构不动作,采用三因素三水平正交试验,研究型孔深度、生产率和第一充种室充种位置角对试验指标的影响,验证仿真准确性;第2步,启动第二充种机构,研究进行双充种作用下的不同振动频率对试验指标的影响,探明设计第二充种机构后播种性能。结果 第1步试验结果表明,影响播种合格指数与重播指数的因素主次顺序为型孔深度>生产率>第一充种室充种位置角;影响漏播指数的因素主次顺序为生产率>型孔深度>第一充种室充种位置角。第2步试验结果表明,当型孔形状为椭圆凹槽形,第一充种室的充种位置角为35°、第二充种室振动频率为27 Hz、生产率在400~600盘/h,播种合格指数均大于90%,漏播指数均小于3%,试验结果满足杂交稻低播量精密播种的农艺要求。结论 采用双充种的填充方式改善了播种器每穴的填充性能,减少了漏播指数,本研究结果为轻简型杂交稻钵苗育秧精密播种机的开发提供了理论依据。  相似文献   

Advances in the Research and Application of Artificial Insemination to Equids in China: 1935–2012     

Liang Deng  Hongyun Duan  Xiang Zhang  Shenming Zeng  Changxin Wu  Guocai Han 《Journal of Equine Veterinary Science》2014

China was one of the first countries to use artificial insemination (AI) in equids, and it achieved international recognition for its widespread application of AI to commercial horse breeding. This article reviews the history of equine AI in China. The technique originated from the high demand for horses to be used in agriculture, transportation, and the military. Artificial insemination was identified as an ideal tool for Chinese horse breeding to improve the productivity of native horses, especially during 1950-1970. Presently, AI is still practiced commonly in China, and it includes the use of fresh semen and transported cooled semen. The use of frozen semen has also been resumed to broaden the range of elite Sporthorse stallions and to preserve threatened or endangered native breeds. Accurate prediction of the optimum time for insemination depended mainly on transrectal palpation of the mare's ovaries. In addition to controlled methods of insemination, factors like volume and number of spermatozoa in the inseminate and timing and frequency of insemination were optimized to accomplish high fertility rates in the field. Production of hinnies and mules for agricultural labor and donkeys for meat and hide gelatin stimulated a nationwide upsurge of research into the reproductive physiology of and AI technology in donkeys. In the future, there will be further increases in the use of traditional and modern AI techniques in the breeding of Chinese equids.  相似文献   

基于无线传感器网络的稻田信息实时监测系统   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

孙宝霞  王卫星  雷刚  洪炳星  张雄 《农业机械学报》2014,45(9):241-246

针对农田环境信息采集过程中监测周期长、环境干扰大等特点,设计了一种基于混合天线无线传感器网络稻田环境信息实时监测系统,采用分簇路由协议进行组网,为不同类型的节点配置不同类型的天线,并使用转台控制汇聚节点定向天线的方向,以扩大网络的覆盖范围和提高系统的稳定性。基于该系统进行长时间稻田组网试验,对网络丢包率和稻田环境参数采集准确性进行测试,试验结果表明,系统运行稳定、测量准确,网络数据平均丢包率为0.44%,稻田空气温度、空气相对湿度和土壤含水率的平均相对误差分别为0.26%、0.64%和0.33%。  相似文献   

Effects of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia on seed production in concrete tanks in Saudi Arabia     

A.Q. Siddiqui  A.H. Al-Harbi 《Aquaculture International》1997,5(3):207-216

The influence of sex ratio, stocking density and age of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus X O. aureus) brood fish on seed production in concrete tanks were evaluated in 1992 and 1993. A sex ratio of 1:2 and 1:3 (male: female) and a density of 2 fish m-2 gave the best result with respect to number of seed female-1 day-1 and number of seed kg-1-1 female day-1. Maximum seed production female-1 day-1 was recorded for 3-year-old females and the minimum for 1-year-olds, but in terms of seed kg-1 female day-1 and seed m-2 day-1, 1-year-olds produced the maximum number of seed followed by 2-, 3- and 4-year-old females. Seasonal pattern in seed production was apparently influenced by season and temperature. From the first harvest on 21 April 1993 the production increased gradually, reaching a peak during the third harvest and a second peak during the sixth harvest. Thereafter seed production gradually decreased, reaching a minimum during the tenth harvest on 27 October 1993. No seed were found during the last harvest of 18 November 1993. Maximum production coincided with the highest water temperature of around 28°C.  相似文献   

杂交鲶(怀头鲶♀×鲶♂)人工繁殖与苗种培育技术     

赵春刚  陈军  王鹏  潘伟志  关海虹 《水产学杂志》2004,17(2):55-60

采用捕自黑龙江水域的怀头鲶为母本，鲶鱼为父本，应用自制催产药物DOS与LRH-A2、HCG进行人工催产，使催产率、受精率分别达到92％和88％。20-21．5℃水温条件下43h孵化出苗，孵化率75％。出膜仔鱼体长3．93mm，7．83mm下塘，池塘培育8天达到34．08mm，培育成活率50％。  相似文献   

江苏省杂交棉花品种性状研究及育种思路   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

蔡立旺  高进  施庆华  王为  陈建平 《农学学报》2014,4(10):9-14

研究2001-2013年江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定通过的杂交棉花品种的性状表现,为杂交棉育种提供参考.根据区域试验数据,采用Excel等统计方法分析杂交棉花品种的亲本来源、产量表现、纤维品质及抗性等性状.结果表明：杂交棉品种亲本多为苏审常规棉与‘GK19’;不同阶段育成品种产量稳步提高,但增产幅度有降低趋势;单株铃数有渐近增加的趋势;30个白色杂交棉品种中,衣分均高于39.5％,铃重5.9 g以上的品种占60％;纤维品质达Ⅲ型以上品种占93.5％;近50％品种对枯、黄萎病的抗性达耐病级别;抗虫性有待提高.近期杂交棉育种以改进纤维品质与抗性为主,稳步提高产量;思路上注重种质资源创新,充分利用生物技术,研究“三系”杂交棉;重点开展病虫抗性和品质研究.  相似文献   

引进鹅种的性能及杂交利用效果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

彭祥伟  黄勇富  王阳铭  粟剑  谢友慧  刘良佳  王平  程必刚 《畜禽业》2004,(12):14-16

选择体质健康、体重相近的1日龄四川白鹅、莱茵、朗德鹅和莱×川杂交鹅各40只,在相同的饲养管理条件下,对多项指标进行70d连续测定。试验结果,育雏率依上述顺序穴下同雪分别为72.5%、72.5%、97.5%和65.0%;70日龄体重分别为2985.00g、3280.00g、3295.00g和3550.00g;0～70日龄增重分别为41.43g、45.62g、45.86g和49.51g鸦腿肌率均达到20%以上(26.65%～22.07%)。  相似文献